This audit focused on whether the Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada delivered actions to address antimicrobial resistance, to provide comprehensive surveillance, and to preserve the effectiveness of medically important antimicrobials. The audit also followed up on findings and recommendations from our 2015 report on the same topic—specifically, on the collection of antimicrobial use and resistance data, regulatory and policy changes intended to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobials important in human medicine, and pan-Canadian efforts led by the Public Health Agency of Canada.