There are limited data on the toxicological effects of antimony in humans. The majority of the human data in the literature come from the reported side effects observed during therapeutic applications of antimony-based drugs (antimonials). Side effects observed following therapeutic-level doses include GI tract distress, cardiotoxicity, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (Hepburn et al., 1994; Oliveira et al., 2009, 2011; Mlika et al., 2012; Wise et al., 2012). Although these studies provide useful insight into the potential effects following antimony exposure, the relevance of these reported effects following environmental exposures is uncertain due to the poor absorption of antimony compounds.