Child Protection Services provides protection for First Nations children and youth who are at risk of, or are experiencing abuse or neglect. Child Protection Services for First Nations children with "reserve status" is provided in Ontario by both First Nations and non-First Nations Children's Aid Societies (CAS). CAS operating expenditures include the costs of providing residential or non- residential services, individual and family counselling and program administration as approved in service plans. The portion of a CAS's operating expenditures eligible for federal reimbursement under the "Memorandum of Agreement Respecting Welfare Services for Indians" is equal to the ratio of the number of First Nations children to the number of non-First Nations children receiving care at a CAS. First Nations Children and Youth at Risk programs cover Indigenous-focused services to improve social supports and to reduce the likelihood of need for ongoing or more intensive services. *[CAS]: Children’s Aid Societies