Canada1Water Classification of the National Hydro Network: Stream Order and Graph Refinement

A vector representation of stream networks is a crucial dataset for the modelling the surface water and groundwater components of the hydrologic cycle. For many usages a crucial attribute of the drainage network is a digital topology and hierarchal stream order attribute (e.g., Strahler stream order). In Canada jurisdictional stream networks are available for the provinces and territories and nationally for Canada in the National Hydrological Network (NHN) dataset. Unfortunately, the NHN data lacks the same topological and attribute information that is available for numerous provinces due to standardization for the entire country. For Canada1Water it was also necessary to have a harmonized dataset with the United States, for both the southern transboundary watersheds and the Alaskan watersheds. This report documents the processes completed to upgrade the topological and graph network support for NHN and provide continuous connectivity with US datasets. It also highlights and corrects a number of stream density and stream order issues that occur within Canada across provincial and territorial borders and NTS tiles. All vector processing was completed in RivEX software extension for ArcMap. Following complete topological correction stream classification was assigned and a table of the node graph network developed. Additional work was then completed to normalize stream density particularly amongst low-order streams between British Columbia and the Yukon and amongst local NTS tiles in Quebec and Ontario. Corrected NHN Strahler stream order assignment was validated against a number of provincial and watershed datasets, all of which already have Strahler stream order attributed. These datasets are the same underlying digitized vector data, so there are no differences in node or polyline positions. Strahler stream order assignment validation was only done by visual comparison as due to differences in vector segments a statistical comparison is complicated. The transboundary integrated C1W stream network with complete classification provides a seamless national dataset to support transdisciplinary studies (fisheries, wildlife, health, pesticide and nutrient issues, mining impact, ecosystem restoration, numeric modelling) that involve a knowledge of stream distribution and ranking.

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Last Updated April 17, 2026, 17:54 (UTC)
Created April 17, 2026, 17:54 (UTC)
contact_email nrcan.gsc-geosciencedata-donneesgeoscience-cgc.rncan@canada.ca
contact_person {"en": "Government of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada - GSC Central Canada,Government of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada,voice; 1 (613) 9477068,charles.logan@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca,nrcan.gsc-geosciencedata-donneesgeoscience-cgc.rncan@canada.ca", "fr": "Gouvernement du Canada; Ressources naturelles Canada; Commission géologique du Canada - CGC Centre du Canada,Gouvernement du Canada; Ressources naturelles Canada; Commission géologique du Canada,charles.logan@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca,nrcan.gsc-geosciencedata-donneesgeoscience-cgc.rncan@canada.ca"}
criticality_level []
data_dictionary EPSG:3979,http://www.epsg-registry.org/,6.14
geographic_scope []
open_canada_collection fgp
open_canada_date_published 2024-10-10 00:00:00
open_canada_keywords {"en": ["Watershed", "Water course", "Drainage", "Surface water", "Hydrography", "Hydrology", "Hydrographic network", "geographic information system", "Geographic data"], "fr": ["Bassin hydropgraphique", "Cour d'eau", "Drainage", "Eau de surface", "Hydrographie", "Hydrologie", "Réseau hydrographique", "système d'information géographique", "Données géographiques"]}
open_canada_subject ["form_descriptors", "nature_and_environment", "science_and_technology"]
sensitivity_level unrestricted
title_fr Classification Canada1Water du réseau hydrographique national : ordre des cours d'eau et affinement des graphiques
update_frequency as_needed