Forest Elevation Covariance (2022)

This dataset provides wall-to-wall maps of forest structure across Canada's 650 million hectare forested ecosystems for the year 2022, generated at a spatial resolution of 30 m.It is developed within the framework of Canada’s National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS). Structure estimates include key attributes such as canopy height, canopy cover, and aboveground biomass, derived using a combination of airborne lidar and Landsat-based spectral composites. Structure models were trained using the - lidar-plot framework - (Wulder et al. 2012), which integrates co-located airborne lidar data and ground plot measurements with Landsat time-series composites (Hermosilla et al. 2016). A Nearest Neighbour imputation approach was applied to estimate structural attributes across the full extent of Canada's forested area. These nationally consistent products are intended to support strategic-level forest monitoring and assessment and are not designed for operational forest management. For further details on the methods, accuracy assessment, and source data, see Matasci et al. (2018). Matasci, G., Hermosilla, T., Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Coops, N.C., Hobart, G.W., Bolton, D.K., Tompalski, P., Bater, C.W., 2018. Three decades of forest structural dynamics over Canada's forested ecosystems using Landsat time-series and lidar plots. Remote Sensing of Environment, 216, 697-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.07.024 (Matasci et al. 2018)

Data and Resources

Additional Info

Field Value
Last Updated April 17, 2026, 22:00 (UTC)
Created April 17, 2026, 22:00 (UTC)
contact_email mike.wulder@canada.ca
contact_person {"en": "Government of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Forest Geomatics", "fr": "Gouvernement du Canada; Ressources naturelles Canada; Service canadien des forêts Centre de foresterie du Pacifique"}
criticality_level []
data_dictionary EPSG:3978,http://www.epsg-registry.org,1.0
geographic_scope []
open_canada_collection fgp
open_canada_date_published 2023-01-01 00:00:00
open_canada_keywords {"en": ["National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS)", "Forests"], "fr": ["National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS)", "Forêt"]}
open_canada_subject ["form_descriptors", "nature_and_environment", "science_and_technology"]
sensitivity_level unrestricted
title_fr Covariance d'altitude forestière (2022)
update_frequency as_needed