This audit focused on whether key federal organizations built the maritime domain awareness needed to respond to safety and security risks and incidents associated with increasing vessel traffic in Arctic waters. The federal organizations deemed key to the surveillance of Arctic waters and included in the scope were Transport Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Canadian Coast Guard, National Defence, and Environment and Climate Change Canada. We also included Public Services and Procurement Canada for its supporting role in central purchasing and contracting for items such as vessels.